2006
F.F. Bruce on the Gospel
I still haven’t answered CJ’s questions, but I’m working my way towards a post. Menawhile, I thought these seminal summarizing thoughts from F.F. Bruce, on the Gospel, were worthwhile as a starting point of reflection (though certainly not beyond improvement) regarding the shape of the NT teaching on the Gospel. Bruce says:
The NT use of Gk. euangelion, “joyful tidings,” “good news,” has an OT background in Is. 40-66, where the LXX verb euangelizomai, “bring good news,” is used of the declaration of Jerusalem’s deliverance from bondage (Is. 4:9; 52:7) and also of a wider announcement of liberation for the oppressed (Is. 61:1, 2). This last passage provided the text of Jesus’ inaugural preaching at Nazareth: he gave notice that it had been fulfilled as he spoke (Lk. 4:17-21). Jesus’ message was otherwise described as the gospel of the kingdom of God. Its contents are set out in his parables, where the Father’s loving bestowal of mercy and free forgiveness on the undeserving and the outcasts is presented with vividness and warmth.
With Jesus’ death and resurrection a new phase of the gospel begins. The preacher becomes the preached one: his followers, whom he commissioned to preach the gospel after his departure, proclaimed him as the one in whom the Father’s pardoning grace had drawn near. “The gospel of God. . . concerning his Son” (Rom. 1:1-3) tells how, in the coming and redemptive work of Christ, God has fulfilled his ancient promise of blessing for all nations.
For the first generation after Christ’s ascension the gospel was exclusively a spoken message; the earliest written record of the gospel appeared in the 60s.
Only one saving message is attested by the NT. The “gospel to the circumcision” preached by Peter and his colleagues did not differ in content from the “gospel to the uncircumcised” entrusted to Paul (Gal. 2:7), though the form of presentation might vary according to the audience. Paul’s testimony is, “Whether therefore it was I or they [Peter and his colleagues], so we preach, and so you believed” (1 Cor. 15:11).
The basic elements in the message were these: 1. the prophecies have been fulfilled and the new age inaugurated by the coming of Christ; 2. he was born into the family of David; 3. he died according to the Scriptures, to deliver his people from this evil age; 4. he was buried, and raised again the third day, according to the Scriptures; 5. he is exalted at God’s right hand as Son of God, Lord of living and dead; 6. he will come again, to judge the world and consummate his saving work.
Two things strike me immediately: (1) first, the observation that "wwith Jesus’ death and resurrection a new phase of the gospel begins" is important, and perhaps overlooked in some current discussions; (2) the influence of C.H. Dodd on Bruce’s summary has perhaps contributed to an underplaying of the Gospel’s relation to the forgiveness of sin (unless you read the euphemistic "to deliver his people from this evil age" as sufficiently expressive of this emphatic NT point). Leon Morris supplies the corrective to this in "The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross."
Packer on Reading and Study
"I think that the priority for every pastoral leader must be his own personal time with God over the Scriptures, and anything he does by way of preparation must flow out of that. The first requirement for authoritative, perceptive communication of the word of God is that you yourself should be experiencing the power of it. The Puritan John Owen said, ‘A man only preaches that sermon well which first preaches itself in his own soul.’ He was profoundly right." J.I. Packer
A Plan for Reading and Study
A while back I promised a post on how to develop a plan for reading and study. We’ve been covering a variety of topics on this blog, but I didn’t forget my promise. I hope this brief post proves helpful.
If you haven’t already read all the great posts on this topic–provided by Lig (his series might still be going), Mark and Al–please make time to peruse this material. And if you’ve already read it, let me encourage you to review it again. You will be freshly inspired by the content and discouraged by all you’ve forgotten.
It’s important to read these posts again, because if you don’t have a conviction about the importance of study, talking about a plan would be premature. Let the following words by Charles Bridges create a renewed conviction about the importance of studying Scripture–not simply because we are pastors, but because we are Christians:
“For if we should study the Bible more as ministers than as Christians, more to find matter for the instruction of our people than food for the nourishment of our own souls, we neglect to place ourselves at the feet of our divine teacher, our communion with him is cut off and we become mere formalists in our sacred profession.”
May God protect us from becoming “mere formalists in our sacred profession.”
So, do you have a plan for reading and study? Do you have a plan for each week, each month and each year? If not, your good intentions will be hijacked by the urgent and issues of secondary importance. You will look busy and maybe even feel productive, but eventually there will be a withering effect on your soul and in your preaching. But this doesn’t have to happen. It’s not inevitable, unless, of course, you don’t have a plan.
Here is what I recommend. Before your week attacks you (and each week will do this), attack your week. Spend time at the beginning of each week determining when and how long you need to read and study in order to cultivate passion for the Savior and prepare the sermon for Sunday. This simple practice can make all the difference. It has for me.
This practice protects my time of study from the many requests that come up each week. Because I have already determined what is most important, it is easier to decline or reschedule a request if it interferes with reading and study. Obviously, however, there will be emergencies and exceptions.
I would also recommend informing the church of your divinely prescribed mandate to study. This will help your people to understand this is a biblical priority for you as their pastor, and not simply a personal preference. Explain why you devote yourself to this task and how they will ultimately benefit. And ask them to pray for you as you devote yourself to the study of Scripture in service of the church.
So how much time should you devote to reading and studying each week, month or year? Lots! Actually, I can’t answer that question for you. You must work hard and seek counsel to come up with your own custom-designed plan. If you don’t know how or where to start, check out John Stott’s time allotments for study (apart from sermon preparation), which he has followed for many years:
One hour a day
One 3 hour period a week
One day every month
One week every year
This plan sure seems to have worked well for Mr. Stott.
Now, let me conclude with one personal recommendation. I encourage pastors to take two 3-day retreats each year for the purpose of reading, study, praying and planning. Put these dates on the calendar before the year begins. I have found that this unhurried time away from the daily routine of ministry refreshes my soul and makes all the difference in my leadership. I believe it will have the same affect on you. I would however, not recommend taking a retreat in March. The temptation to watch college basketball is too distracting. So take your retreat in a month where there is no Madness!
Who's Got Good News?
I’ve got some good news!
Absolute moral truth is revealed in the Bible! Really!
Jesus was without sin! Absolutely without!
Satan literally exists! (That explains some of what goes on this world!)
But it is GOD who is both omnipotent and omniscient!
Christians must evangelize!
Who else has this good news? Protestants? Surely pastors! According to one poll in Dave Shiflett’s book Exodus last year, only 28% of mainline Protestant pastors believe all of this. Among female pastors, only 15% believed all of this. 7% of all Americans believe all of this. And, according to this poll, only 9% of "born again Christians". Hmmm. I think we need to work on educating fellow Christians on some basics. And maybe some polling organizations on what was entailed in Jesus’ teaching Nicodemus that he must be born again. I don’t know how born again I am if I can’t trust the Bible to be true, or Christ to be right. By and to whom am I born again if the god I worship may be ignorant, or even defeated in a contest. How good is the news if we distort the nature of our challenge (the existence of Satan) and don’t think Jesus’ command to tell everyone applies to us?
Who’s got Good News? By God’ s grace, I do. Satan doesn’t. God does. Those who are truly born again do. And the polls? I know we shouldn’t shoot the messenger just because we don’t like the message. But what if we’re not sure the messenger even has the message? Good suspicion of some polls and some pastors. Bad suspicion of Jesus or the Bible! The Jesus we read about in the Bible has the always true News that is Good for all of those who will repent and believe.
Al, how’s the pastors’ meeting going?
Mahaney on Dever on Spurgeon on Election
So what are the REAL conversations like between these friends? Here’s some of the highly erudite conversation today!
Mark to CJ: Wasn’t that a great Spurgeon quotation on election?! [referring to the quotation in the earlier blog entry entitled "A Becoming Weakness"]
CJ to Mark: Yep, it’s a classic and affects folks every time I use it.
Note the careful use of the capital "S" and the subtle use of compound punctuation ("?!") and the great use of adjectives ("great"). And then in CJ’s response, note that he first identifies evidences of grace ("Yep") and then educates ("it’s a classic") and then illustrates ("and affects folks every time I use it").
The Christian Response to Christ's Resurrection
Thanks Al for a great post on the Gospel (and don’t you love C.J.’s answer to his own questions?!), and for pointing us to Mark’s important article on the atonement. Thanks Mark for the Spurgeon quote.
I quoted John Piper yesterday, during the morning services (from his Easter sermon in 2000). It’s a great example of a Gospel response to the power of Christ’s resurrection. John tells the story of Ruby Eliason and Laura Edwards – two elderly missionaries who had just then died in Cameroon in a car accident. John says: "Ruby [was] in her eighties and Laura in her seventies. Ruby gave all her life in medical missions among the poor. Laura, a doctor who practiced in India for many years and then here in the Cities, was giving her retirement for the bodies and the souls of the poor in Cameroon. Both died suddenly when their car went over a cliff."
John then asks: "Was that a tragedy? Well, in one sense all death is tragic."
The following is John’s answer:
Ruby Eliason and Laura Edwards, at their age, could have been taking it easy here in retirement. Think of tens of thousands of retired people spending their lives in one aimless leisure after another – that is a tragedy. The fact that Jesus Christ took authority to make Ruby Eliason and Laura Edwards valiant for love and truth among the poor and lost and diseased of Cameroon when most Americans are playing their way into eternity – that is not tragedy. And that he took them suddenly to heaven in their old age in the very moment of their love and service and sacrifice, and without long, drawn-out illnesses and without protracted and oppressive feelings of uselessness – that is not a tragedy. Rather, I say, "Give me that death, O Jesus Christ, Lord of the universe, give me that life and that ministry and that death!"
This is why Jesus came. This is why he was crucified. This is why he rose from the dead with all authority and promised to be with us to the end of the age – to create a people whose sins are forgiven, and whose hearts are full of the love of God, and who are so emboldened by the triumphant Christ, that they spend their lives with risk and sacrifice and love to help others know and enjoy the greatness of Christ forever and ever.
Is this not what you were made for? Is there not something in your own soul that witnesses to you that this is true and worthy of full acceptance?
Dever on the Old Testament
Al, thanks for recommending Mark’s article on the atonement in Christianity Today and commending Mark for this article. I couldn’t agree more. And thanks for your fine post on the meaning of the gospel.
In case you guys didn’t know, Mark’s latest book, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made, was just published by Crossway. It is a must-have for every pastor’s library, and it is outstanding. Not to mention, it is only 959 pages in length.
This book comes with some serious endorsements. Check out the following:
"This book is a landmark in the history of Bible expostion–a homiletical tour de force." Phil Ryken
"Mark Dever’s one-sermon whole-Bible-book overviews are a treasure trove for preachers, Bible teachers and growing Christians." Ligon Duncan
"Mark Dever has done the Christian community a great service in publishing these sermons." David Peterson
"This is a bold project, some might say foolhardy, but Mark Dever has brilliantly succeeded." Vaughn Roberts
"In a day of worrisome biblical illiteracy, even among Christians, there is a pressing need for books that give the big picture and provide surefooted guides for negotiating the Bible’s vast and subtle territory. To produce such a book is no easy task, yet that is what Dr. Dever has done." Carl Trueman
"Once again, this Duke graduate makes the university and the basketball team proud." Coach K
And the endorsements just go on and on, as they should for this book. Although the endorsement by Coach K cannot be verified.
Mark, thanks for all your hard work over the years preparing this material. Thanks for your compelling example in the pulpit by preaching this material. And thanks for providing pastors and Christians with this material.
Dever on the Atonement
Don’t miss Mark’s article, "Nothing But the Blood," in the current edition of Christianity Today. Mark has done a great job of laying out the objections to the substitutionary character of Christ’s atonement, and then of answering these objections with solid argument. At the same time, he acknowledges that no single metaphor or model is sufficient to describe Christ’s atonement for sin. The issue is the indispensability and centrality of substitution as a biblical theme.
Thanks for your faithfulness, Mark.
I will be in Sandestin, Florida this week for a meeting of large-church pastors in the Southern Baptist Convention. More later.
A Becoming Weakness
Al, thanks for reminding us that salvation is all of grace.
We’ve had a great Lord’s Day at CHBC thinking about this. This morning we were in II Cor. 11:1-12:13. This, of course, is that famous passage where Paul "boasts" of his weaknesses that Christ’s power may be made perfect, displayed through Paul’s reliance and Christ’s faithfulness.
It makes me think of one of my all-time favorite Spurgeon quotations. It’s in book 2 of Lectures to My Students, and Spurgeon is talking about the doctine of election. [Spurgeon had such a gift of making pride-destroyng Bible truth winsome. John Piper I think has that gift today in special measure.] Anyway, Spurgeon says, with humor, self-deprecation and sharp theological accuracy
"I believe the doctrine of election, because
I am quite sure that if God had not chosen me I should never have chosen him;
and I am sure he chose me before I was born, or else he never would have chosen me afterwards; and he must have elected me for reasons unknown to me,
for I never could find any reason in myself why he should have looked upon me with special love.
So I am forced to accept that doctrine," (Lectures, book 2, page 47).
I understand that some worry that if we accept the Bible’s teaching on election we will never evangelize. Should we not also be worried that if we reject the Bible’s teaching on election we will never be humbled enough to make Christianity look like anything worth having? I love Spurgeon’s humility. I love his boasting in God. I think it is attractive. I think it is motivating to evangelism. I think it displays God’s love. A biblical doctrine of election highlights our poverty and Christ’s riches, our weakness and Christ’s strength, our need and God’s supply.
It maybe that God will use our weakness and inability to highlight His own strength and grace. He’s done it before.
The Meaning of the Gospel
I write this early in the morning of Resurrection Sunday, a Lord’s Day like every other, lived and celebrated in the light of the glorious resurrection of Christ from the dead. What a time to consider the meaning of the Gospel.
C. J. raised this question, and it is so vast that it defies summarization. And yet, if we cannot summarize the Gospel, we surely do not understand it, and cannot effectively share it.
Here is one complication: We talk about the Gospel while, in one sense, meaning a summation of all that the Bible teaches. We know of Gospel churches and Gospel messages and Gospel tracts — meaning that these are self-consciously intended as centered in evangelism, the heralding of the good news of salvation through Christ Jesus.
Yet, in this other sense, the Gospel refers broadly to the comprehensiveness of the Christian truth claim, for the truths that comprise the Gospel depend upon the totality of revealed truth. One cannot truly affirm the Gospel, for example, without recognizing the background of God’s work of creation and the eschatological promise of a new heaven and a new earth. Similarly, the entire enterprise of the Gospel is dependent upon the grace of God in revelation, especially the Bible.
But, more to the point, C. J., I would define the Gospel as the good news that God saves sinners through the death and resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ [1 Cor. 15:3-4]. This good news tells us that we are sinners, who deserve only death and cannot save ourselves. The Gospel points to the cross of Christ as the propitiation for our sins, the substitutionary sacrifice for our transgressions [Romans 3:21-26] and to the empty tomb as the promise of our resurrection unto eternal life [1 Cor. 15]. This Gospel is God’s gift, as is the faith that justifies sinners. Salvation is all of grace, so that no sinner can boast of his salvation. Saving faith is made visible in those who confess with their lips that Jesus Christ is Lord and believe in their hearts that God raised Him from the dead [Romans 10:9].
So much more could and surely should be said, but I cannot believe that anything can be taken away from this without doing great injury to the Gospel.
C. J., thanks for asking the question. I’ll post more in coming days. In the meantime, let me point to my commentary on the resurrection posted Friday.

